Nutrition Specialist Research Project |
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Human Growth Hormone |
The benefits of pharmaceutical HGH therapy were documented in the widely referenced 1990 "Rudman Study", The Effects of Human Growth Hormone in Men Over 60 Years Old published in The New England Journal of Medicine (July 1990). The Rudman study was limited to 21 men aged 61-81 who had IGF-1 (an indicator of HGH levels) plasma levels below 350. For six months twelve of the men (1) received injections of biosynthetic HGH three times a week. Nine of the men (2) received none. Lean muscle, skin thickness, and bone density at nine sites were monitored monthly. At the end of the study group1 IGF-1 levels rose to the youthful range of 500-1500. Group 2 stayed below 350. The principal findings of the Rudman Study show that injecting men over 60 with HGH can increase lean muscle, skin thickness and bone density, thus reversing some of the effects of diminished HGH levels associated with aging.
The Rudman Study, however, has become the common basis of exaggerated claims and distortions for a multitude of nutritional supplements. Scores of manufacturers have taken the Rudman findings out of context and imply that their products will yield similar results. At its most benign, "HGH" supplements taken orally are ineffective and a waste of money. In its most malicious form, costly injections of synthetic HGH can lead to Gigantism and Acromegaly, the grotesque enlargement of the skull and facial features, mandible, jaw, nose, lips, tongue and hands.
The marketing of growth hormone supplements as a means to a lean muscular body or to reverse the natural aging process, is a textbook example of a pharmaceutical product that has been hijacked by the multi-billion dollar anti-aging and diet supplement industries.
Biological HGH was once very difficult and expensive to obtain. Synthetic HGH, known as Somatotrophin or Somatrophic, is now produced using recombinant DNA techniques. It is easy to obtain genuine synthetic HGH as a pre-measured injectable, if you can afford it. Costs of pre-loaded syringes of HGH can exceed $10,000 per year. Injectable pharmaceutical human growth hormone is often used in conjunction with other anabolic steroids to elevate the body's testosterone levels and increase muscle mass without changes in diet or muscular activity. The effects are even more pronounced with strength conditioning and proper nutrition. Because HGH is virtually undetectable in the bloodstream it has joined anabolic steroids in the ranks of commonly abused substances by bodybuilders and professional athletes.
Why would an athlete use HGH? The use of performance-enhancing substances to gain a competitive edge has been a part of physical culture since the first Olympic games. Athletes in ancient Greece believed that eating large quantities of beef would increase their strength ten fold. In the 19th Century morphine was used in endurance sports to mask pain. Amphetamines were used during the 1936 Berlin Olympics. In 1939 a football team in England was experimenting with testosterone. During the 1970's women athletes in East Germany performed like men. The 1988 Olympic games in Seoul, South Korea were tainted by anabolic steroid use. In a June 2002 Special Report, SPORTS ILLUSTRATED reported that half of all professional baseball players are Illegally "juiced" on a variety of steroids, amphetamines, and human growth hormone.
A major side effect of anabolic use by athletes is an increased susceptibility to injuries, (not to mention shrinking and retracting the testicles and lowering testosterone levels by as much as 80%). It is actually possible to add so much muscle mass using anabolic steroids that the body's muscle can overwhelm its skeleton. Joint injury and muscle tears have increased significantly among professional baseball players. Human growth hormone, which strengthens the skeleton, becomes the "rebar" that reinforces the joints so that they can support the added muscle mass. In professional sports an injury can end a lucrative career. Is it worth the risk? To a pro athlete more muscle translates into more power, and more power means improved performance. Better performance means renewed contracts, job security and big money, very big money.
Pharmaceutical HGH is classified as a steroid and is regulated by the FDA. It can only be legally obtained by prescription. However, it is readily available in the Black Market, or in neighboring Mexico where virtually any pharmaceutical substance is sold in unregulated Pharmacias.
As with other illegal anabolics, the use of synthetic HGH has penetrated amateur athletics. It has been used at the highest levels of athletic competition and trickled down to college and high school locker rooms. Abuse is at an all time high. Our competitive society places a high premium on finishing first. Even high school athletes can feel pressured to win at any cost with little regard for the long-term consequences.
Writing about the effects of human growth hormone on the healthy body, Dr. Bob Goldman, founder of the National Academy of Sports Medicine said: "Athletes are always looking for new alternatives and quicker ways to build muscle. Failing to realize that Human Growth Hormone is capable of causing severe medical complications, these athletes are looking upon this growth hormone as being the new panacea. As educational leaders in sports medicine and fitness, we must encourage those under our guidance to stay clear of dangerous ergogenics like growth hormone."
Pills, Powders and Sprays / Blue Smoke and Mirrors Supplements claiming to increase human growth hormone levels have flooded the Internet while "HGH" capsules are sold at health clubs next to the T-shirts and protein bars. If injections of human growth hormone can be dangerous, "HGH" supplements; pills, powders and sprays that claim to make you younger, leaner, muscular and virile are, at best, dubious.
An Internet search for
Some of the supplements that claim to have the same, or similar benefits as injectable,
biosynthetic growth hormone are: 21st Century HGH, Secretagogue-One, Ultra Max gHP,
SOMALIFE gHP, BioGevity (Youth in a bottle), and REGENESIS-oral. Each of these products
makes very seductive promises to reverse the aging process, build lean muscle mass by 9%,
reduce body fat by14%, reduce wrinkles, improve hair growth, eliminate cellulite, accelerate
wound healing, improve vision and memory, and of course, increase sex drive and sexual
potency. Sex sells.
The primary difference between HGH supplements is the method of substance delivery.
Some are in tablet or capsule form while others are oral sprays or powders that are then mixed
with liquids. Each product argues that their delivery method is superior to the others.
Some claim to be Homeopathic, meaning that they will stimulate the body's own production
of HGH. What they all share in common is a miniscule amount of actual growth factor, if any.
One spurious product, Longevity Corporation's IGF-1 GROWTH FACTORS, boasts enzymes from
the antlers of the red deer of New Zealand because "Red deer horn can grow at the
astonishing rate of about 30-40 lbs. in just a few months". As with all nutritional supplements,
the claims do not have to be supported by facts, and they usually aren't. Instead, they rely
on the testimony of friends.
Here are examples of a few unsupported testimonials taken directly from the web site for "4 Star"
rated Secretagogue-One…
"We are constantly approached by middle-aged bodybuilders and exercise enthusiasts seeking a reduction in body fat
and just general physique enhancement. This is where Secretagogue-One becomes increasingly marketable."
"After using Secretagogue-One in roughly forty patients, we have noticed a rapid decrease in body fat, an increase in
vascularity, and better muscle tone." -Kevin Hopkins, Nutritional Biochemist at Hopewell Pharmacy and
Compounding Center.
"We have been using Secretagogue-One in our longevity centers throughout the world in place of synthetic injections
of HGH. The results have been astounding. In my fifteen years of practicing HRT (hormone replacement therapy),
I have never seen anything like it. Patients are experiencing all the benefits of having youthful levels of Growth
Hormone without any side effects." -Dr. Vincent C. Giampapa, the founder of the Longevity Institute
International.
"Based on volume statistics and consumer surveys, this product has become the most popular growth hormone
releasing peptide formula on the market...Secretagogue-One has by far, the highest approval rating of any GH
releasing peptide formula surveyed and is becoming a popular among top amateur bodybuilders." 4 Star -
Excellent Rating by Customer Satisfaction Surveys.
* Note the reference to a sub-lingual (below the tongue) oral spray tacked onto the quote from Dr. Chein at the bottom of the page implying that he said it.
The hgh human growth hormone research and wholesale/retail source
"Dr. Chein of the Life Extension Institute studied 202 patients that he treated with hgh. Here are the results:
Patients reported improvement in the following areas:
There is no research to support the claims of HGH anti-aging supplements. Even
though every effort is made to obscure the fact, the only research data referenced by
any manufacturer or distributor of orally administered HGH supplements are incomplete
excerpts taken out of context from valid research on injectable biosynthetic somatropin (HGH).
But with so much money at stake, and a vain and gullible pubic eager for a cheap and easy
way to stay young, supplement vendors twist the facts to fit their claims and knowingly
misrepresent the data to mislead the public. According to Dr. Roland Klatz of the American
Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M), " Vendors and marketers who attempt to equate
dietary supplements to injectable, pharmaceutical-grade growth hormone are giving the
public an 'apples equals oranges' argument. You wouldn't buy that from your grocer, don't
make the same mistake with your health."
But why cite facts when double-talk will do?
"Biotropin is a micro-dilution GH complex. The GH is complexed to a naturally-derived bio-compatible macro-molecular complex (MMC-2000) through a series of pharmacological steps. The result is the formation of a GH complex named Biotropin. Once complexed, MMC-2000 "carries" the GH into the body. The body recognized MMC-2000 as part of itself and is invited into the cellular matrix of the body.
MMC-2000 brings GH along for the ride, so to speak."
(What happens if my body doesn't recognize MMC-2000 as part of myself and I don't get
invited into my own cellular matrix?)
Or there is this assurance of the cyber-doctor from "PLANET MUSCLE"…
"Whether your goal is to enhance your workout program or to receive the many anti-aging benefits
associated with GH, you can be assured of its authenticity if it contains Biotropin and MMC-2000TM.
As for the rest of the GH supplements enter at your own risk.
...
Philip C. Saint-Erne, M.D., Inc. is a practice of outpatient gynecology, sports medicine and pediatrics, physical
therapy, treadmill, hormone therapy, x-ray, PFT, EKG and lab work.
According to a web site from James Madison University in Virginia, BioTropin, with a
capital "T", is actually injectable Somatropin (HGH). See for yourself at
Dosage Studies have shown that a weekly dose of Biotropin divided into daily injections
increases growth rate. For pediatric patients the recommended starting dosage
is .025-.035 mg/kg/day.
So what exactly are those other guys selling?
Poor Dr. Rudman, what did he do to deserve this?
The Neways Company, makers of BioGevity (Youth in a Bottle), splices a snippet from
the Rudman Study into its ad then uses it as the basis for its claims using
"creative editing". But more revealing of the extent of their exaggeration,
Neways first claims that BioGevity is the results of thirty years of research and over
28,000 clinical studies. Of course none are cited. The ad then goes on to quote one of
their own experts, 42 year old Dr. Roy Dittman who tried BioGevity himself and in
eight months went from doing one set of leg presses at 200lbs to two sets of eight reps at 960lbs.
Dr. Dittman is 5'5" and weighs 132 lbs.
Read that again....Prevented or Reversed Wow -- how would you like to have a product that could accomplish that? BioGevity is that Product!
In the above statement, Dr. Rudman is referring to Human Growth Hormone, commonly known as HGH!
BioGevity is the result of 30 years of research and over 28000 clinical studies. "Based on the clinical evidence reported to me from hundreds of doctors, this is the most exciting product I have ever seen" Dr. Roy Dittman
"Being involved in the development of the product, I have had a chance to use it for a
longer period. I immediately noticed a feeling of well-being. I slept better, my skin
became younger looking and my sex drive became like a teenager again. In my first two
months my body fat went from 18% to 5% and my weight increased from 125 pounds to 132
pounds, which means I gained muscle while losing fat. At the gym I could only do one
set of Leg Presses for 200 pounds. Eight months later and even today, I do two sets
at 960 pounds for 8 repetitions, and I'm 5'5" weigh 132 pounds and am 42 years old."
says Dr. Dittman
We spend billions of dollars each year on products that promise to arrest, or reverse the
aging process, restore youthful vigor and make us look fabulous. We have seen that
biosynthetic growth hormone (HGH) is highly effective in helping children with growth
deficiencies, and in anti-aging therapies for older adults. We have also seen that the
misuse of HGH by healthy individuals looking to enhance muscular growth and physical
strength is extremely dangerous and ill advised.
But what about HGH supplements that promise to provide the benefits of HGH without the
high costs and risky side effects? Is it possible to take a pill, or mix a powder,
or spray a liquid under your tongue and become stronger and more youthful? Is it possible
to coax the pituitary gland into producing more HGH? These are the claims, what are the facts?
HGH is classified as a pharmaceutical drug and is strictly regulated by the FDA. If it
doesn't have FDA approval it isn't HGH.
"HGH is a large fragile protein molecule with a molecular weight of 20,000. It is composed
of 191 amino acids in an exact sequence with many fragile cross-linkages that give it an
important 3-D configuration." says Elmer Cranton, M.D., a leading authority on HGH.
"Its only source is from human genes." HGH works like a lock and key, it must interact
precisely with cell receptors. If the shape is altered it won't work, even if the chemical
formula remains the same.
The size of the HGH molecule prevents it from penetrating mucous membrane intact. This
includes sublingual absorption.
In order to be shipped and stored, HGH must be freeze dried in a vacuum and made into a
powder. The HGH molecule loses potency rapidly when dissolved in solution. The molecule
is twisted repeatedly and loses its critical 3-D configuration. After being reconstituted,
usually by the patient, HGH has a very short shelf life.
Adding HGH to a healthy body that is already producing sufficient quantities is wastefuL
and dangerous. It can actually turn off internal production of the hormone.
Only when HGH is taken by injection does the body respond to it as if it had been secreted
by the pituitary gland.
If somatropin were taken by mouth it would be digested in the stomach and made inactive.
Insulin is a protein molecule half the size of HGH. If it were possible to absorb that kind
of hormone by mouth, spray, or through membranes, millions of Diabetics wouldn't need to
take insulin by injection each day.
The claims for supplements containing HGH vary from promising as little as 25 nanograms (ng)
(parts per billion), to as much as 350 ng. But HGH itself does not stimulate the production
of HGH. A twenty-year-old produces about 500,000 ng per day, a seventy-five year old about
100,000 ng. The goal in HGH therapy is to bring the HGH level closer to the 500,000 level.
Do the math.
The HGH in supplements is not dangerous. The amount of actual HGH that it might contain
is so miniscule that it poses no risk. There can be other ingredients that do pose risks.
Some HGH "releasers" contain raw animal brain listed as "hypothalamus" or "pituitary".
These are very dangerous substances.
Makers of HGH supplements claim that an FDA approval is not required.
The FDA does not regulate the supplement because it either contains no HGH, or it contains
so little that it has no physiological effect. This does not constitute an approval by the
FDA.
Most claims made by manufacturers of HGH supplements for the medical benefits of synthetic
HGH are true, BUT THEY ARE TRUE ONLY FOR INJECTABLE BIOSYNTHETIC HGH, NOT FOR THE PRODUCT
THEY ARE SELLING.
There are no objective studies that support claims for oral tablets, capsules, powders or
sprays. On the other hand, there is a great deal
of science to explain why the manufacturer's claims can't possibly be true.
There is only one conclusion to be drawn about the effectiveness of HGH supplements.
In short, none of them work.
There is truth in the saying "a little knowledge is a dangerous thing."
Some people learn just enough about a subject to get themselves in trouble. Word of mouth
can turn a rumor about a new medical treatment or nutritional product into a miracle cure
within hours. The news media often fuels the frenzy with sound bites and poorly researched
stories.
In such an environment a kernel of truth can grow quickly into a field of falsehoods.
Good science, like the findings of the Rudman Study, gets twisted and distorted through
misrepresentation and omission. "Buzz words" are taken out of context and used to fabricate
half-truths from whole cloth. Demand grows and a market is born. An unethical but savvy
anti-aging and supplement industry is quick to exploit the situation.
The latest "miracle cure" appears on shelves and websites seemingly over night. All it
takes to get "cured" is a modem and a credit card number.
The Internet has brought us The Information Age, but there is no guarantee that the
information it brings is accurate. It would be impossible for supplement vendors to be
successful were it not for an eager public clamoring for simple answers and quick fixes,
a public willing to abandon common sense for blind faith.
Perhaps the most telling statement that I came across during my research was a quotation
from an un-named distributor of BioGevity taken from an E-mail sent to the American Academy
of Anti-Aging Medicine (The A4M).
The A4M is a watchdog group that promotes consumer education. It has been very critical of
BioGevity. The distributor said: "It doesn't matter to me if it's proven or not. I know the
product works, I have the benefits from it, and with God's will and the great cosmic law,
I will never have to be without it."
It seems P.T. Barnum had a point.
Barbara Brewitt, Ph.D., James Hughes, MD
Zida Wu, Martin Bidlingmaier
THE LANCET, Vol. 356 no. 9234 Sept 2000
Robert Bazell, NBC News correspondent MSNBC 7/25/2002
Michael Mooney, HIV/AIDS Activist
The Anti-Aging Institute www.antiaginginfo.net/miracle
Elmer M. Cranton, MD
Elmer M. Cranton, MD
Lord Lee-Benner, MD
HEALTHBEAT Jan 16 2002
D Rudman, AG Feller, et al
Dr. Bob Goldman, National Academy of Sports Medicine
The Science of Anti-Aging Medicine Versus Anti-Aging Product Marketers
Beware Bait And Switch Nutritionals Marketing That Misrepresents Scientific Growth Hormone
Research / Official Statement from the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
World Health Network
The National Institutes of Health
Follow-up Study NHPP HGH Recipients
(National Hormone and Pituitary program)
National Institutes of Health / National Institute on Aging
Media Campaign Cautions Consumers About Anti-Aging Hormone Supplements
Human Growth Foundation (NIH)
Adult Human Growth Deficiency
Tom Verducci
Hgh Human Growth Hormone / Be Young Again!
HGH Clinical Studies
HGH Pills, Shots, Sprays
HGH Enhancing Supplement
HGH Products Page
HGH Supplements-Facts and Fiction
hgh Human Growth Hormone Research
Soma Products, "DISCOVERY OF THE CENTURY"
FAQ Ultra Max HGH
HGH-Human Growth Hormone and Testosterone Therapy
Longevity Corporation of America
"Secretagogue-One is a cost effective way for the patient to achieve elevations in IGF-1". "As stated earlier,
our primary role is prescription hormonal therapy. If we can do this and physicians will prescribe actual growth
hormone for longevity, why then are we interested in Secretagogue-One? It's simple. Our results with
Secretagogue-One in patients have demonstrated an increase of 21% to 46% in IGF levels. This elevation is sufficient to
achieve cardiovascular protection, a decrease in body fat, and an increase in lean mass."
In this example, a Dr. Chein of the Life Extension Institute in Palm Springs has plainly posted
this very specific disclaimer* at the end of his web page. None the less his name and a quotation
is still used to deceive. * "The use of websites on the Internet citing my work or using my name without proper authorization
implies, incorrectly, that I support their product of sublingual growth hormone and amino
acids…." - Dr. Edmund Chein
* Attitude Toward Life 78%
* Back Flexibility 83%
* Body Fat Loss 72%
* Duration of Penile Erection 62%
* Emotional Stability 67%
* Exercise Tolerance 81%
* Frequency of Nighttime Urination 57%
* Hot Flashes 58%
* Healing Capacity 71%
* Healing of Other Injuries 61%
* Sexual Function, Sexual Potency/Frequency 75%
* Strength, Exercise & Body Fat, Muscle Strength 88%
* Muscle Size 81%
* Menstrual Cycle Regulation 39%
* Skin & Hair Care, Skin Texture 71%
* Skin Thickness 68%
* Skin Elasticity 71%
* Wrinkle Disappearance 61%
* New Hair Growth 38%
* Energy, Emotions & Memory, Energy Level 84%
* Memory 62%
* Resistance to Common Illness 73%
Dr. Chein guarantees a loss of 10 to 12 percent of body fat every six months if they are overweight, and a gain
of 8 to 10 percent in muscle mass every six months, continuing every six months until body composition has reverted
to that of a twenty year old (treating them with hgh along with other hormones). He says, "If I can't get the blood level
of your hormones to look like that of a twenty year old, you can get all your money refunded."
Of course, now you can supplement hgh yourself from a spray bottle.
The major case against an oral spray's ability to deliver HGH is that the size of the protein
molecule is too large to be absorbed by the membrane beneath the tongue. A supplement
called Biotropin claims to have solved that problem with a complexed micro-diluted
GH macro-compleHuh?
...The major focus of my practice now deals with cyber-medicine where I make legitimate attempts
to evaluate any condition of impotency, low testosterone, low growth hormone or other factors
which may be related to aging, heavy stress, medical conditions, illness or from past and
present drug use.
BIOTROPIN
Synopsis Human growth hormone controls many physiological functions that are
essential for normal growth and development. When the hormone is deficient in children, the result is hypopituitarianism.
hGH release is controlled by the pituitary gland, and it is responsible for stimulating tissue repair, cell replacement, cell
and growth. BioTropin was developed by Biotechnology General as a recombinant human growth hormone indicated for
the long-term treatment of children who have growth failure due to an inadequate secretion of normal endogenous growth
hormone.
Developer / Manufacturer
Bio-Technology General
mARKETER
Bio-Technology General
Chemical Name
SOMATROPIN
>From the BioGevity website…
BioGevity - Feeling Young Again
The World Leader in Anti-Aging
Unique, Exclusive Patented Oral Delivered Spray
FEEL, ACT and BE Young Again!
NOW ... our Professional Xtra Strength Version is 10x's stronger and more effective than
other products with HGH.
The overall deterioration of the body that comes with growing old is not inevitable..... "We
now realize that some aspects of it can be prevented or reversed." -- Daniel Rudman, M.D.
New England Journal of Medicine.
Are the Facts about HGH supplements mostly Fiction?
It's easy to poke fun at the claims made by some in the supplement industry. And it's hard
to believe that so many people fall for the hype and buy their products. But the effects
of aging on the body, or the dangers that supplements can pose, or the fears and anxieties
that so many people feel about growing old, are quite real and very serious.
HGH FACTS:
SUMMARY
This has been a fascinating trip through the labyrinth of nutritional supplement marketing.
If what I have seen is typical of most vendors of nutritional supplements, especially those
that tout their products over the Internet, then theirs is a world not unlike a carnival
sideshow. But in this version, webmasters and hyperlinks have replaced the barkers and the
snake oil pitchmen. There is no legal requirement for a manufacturer of supplements to
prove their claims. Nor is there a requirement for the truth to be told on the Internet.
It is a virtual world of promises and dreams for the vulnerable and gullible. It is the
proverbial "Match made in Heaven".
REFERENCES
Christos S. Mantzoros, MD, DSc et al
Whither Recombinant Human Growth Hormone
Annals of Internal Medicine Dec 1996 Editorial
Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA American College of Physicians / American
Society of Internal Medicine
Homeopathic Human Growth Hormone for Physiologic and Psychologic Health Three Double-Blind
Placebo-Controlled Studies
American Association of Clinical Endocrinology
Alternative and Complementary Therapies
Vol. 6, Dec. 1999
Detection of Doping with Human Growth Hormone
THE LANCET, Vol. 353, no. 9156 Mar 1999
Karen Birchard
Past, present, and future of drug abuse at the Olympics
Concerns raised about human growth hormone: Study suggests link to Cancer
www.msnbc.com/news/785625.asp
Oral GH Boosters: Do They Work?
The Newsletter for wellness Restoration #7 www.medibolics.com/ghboost.htm
The NEWAYS Miracle (a critical deconstruction of the claims made for BioGevity, "Youth
in a Bottle)
HGH ORAL OR NASAL SPRAY? I DOUBT IT!
Author of "Resetting the Clocks: 5 Anti-Aging Hormones that are Revolutionizing the
Quality and Length of Life" M. Evans, NYC 1996
HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE TO REVERSE AGING
To Be or Not to Be…An Anti-Aging Doctor?
To the Anti-Aging Panel of the California Society of Plastic Surgeons Annual Meeting,
May 27, 2000
Human growth hormone: highly marketed, not highly proven
uwphysicians.org/hbeat/hb20010116
Effects of human growth hormone in men over 60 years old
The New England journal Of Medicine vol. 323:1-6 July 1990
Human Growth Hormone
World Health Network
American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine www.worldhealth.net/whoswho/nasm/nasm-hgh.htm
World Health Network
American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine www.worldhealth.net/whoswho/nasm/nasm-hgh.htm
SPECIAL REPORT: Totally Juiced
Sports Illustrated Vol. 96 No. 23 June 3, 2002
21st Century HGH website
www.21stcenturyhgh.com
21st Century HGH web site
www.21stcenturyhgh.com
21st Century HGH web site
www.21stcenturyhgh.com
ADVICE HGH website for Secretagogue-One
www.advice-hgh.com/enhance
ADVICE HGH website for Secretagogue-One
www.advice-hgh.com/igf-1
ADVICE HGH website for Secretagogue-One
www.advice-hgh.com/supplements
www.2exclaimations-4-hgh-human-growth-hormone-spray.com
www.1on1.net/soma/products.htm
www.virtuvites.com/misc/faq_ultra_max_hgh.htm
www.moderntherapy.com/hgh
www.speerindustries.com/resources